A near-complete genome assembly of the allotetrapolyploid Cenchrus fungigraminus (JUJUNCAO) provides insights into its evolution and C4 photosynthesis

生物 基因组 同步 光合作用 遗传学 进化生物学 基因 植物
作者
Huakun Zheng,Baiyu Wang,Xiuting Hua,Ruiting Gao,Yuhao Wang,Zixin Zhang,Yixing Zhang,Jing Mei,Yongji Huang,Yuxin Huang,Hao Lin,Xingtan Zhang,Dachuan Lin,Siren Lan,Zhong‐Jian Liu,Guodong Lu,Zonghua Wang,Ray Ming,Jisen Zhang,Zheng-He Lin
出处
期刊:Plant communications [Elsevier]
卷期号:4 (5): 100633-100633 被引量:7
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100633
摘要

JUJUNCAO (Cenchrus fungigraminus; 2n=4x=28) is a Cenchrus grass with the highest productive biomass among cultivated plants, and could be used for the cultivation of mushrooms, animal feed and biofuel production. Here, we reported a near completely assembled genome of JUJUNCAO and discovered that JUJUNCAO was an allopolyploid originated ∼2.7 MYA. Its genome consisted of two subgenomes, with subgenome A sharing a high collinear synteny with pearl millet. We also investigated the genome evolution of JUJUNCAO and suggested that the ancestral karyotype of Cenchrus split into the A and B ancestral karyotypes of JUJUNCAO. Comparative transcriptome and DNA methylome analyses revealed a functional divergence of the homeologous gene pairs between the two subgenomes, which was a further indication of asymmetric DNA methylation. The three types of centromeric repeats in the JUJUNCAO genome (CEN137, CEN148 and CEN156) may have evolved independently within each subgenome, with some introgressions of CEN156 from B subgenome into A subgenome. We further investigated the photosynthetic characteristics of JUJUNCAO which revealed a typical C4 Kranz anatomy and a high photosynthetic efficiency. Moreover, NADP-ME and PEPCK in JUJUNCAO very likely have co-operated in the major C4 decarboxylation reaction, which is different from other C4 photosynthetic subtypes reported and may contribute to the high photosynthetic efficiency and consequently high biomass yield of JUJUNCAO. Taken together, our results provide insights into the highly efficient photosynthetic mechanism in JUJUNCAO and are a valuable reference genome for future genetic and evolutionary studies, as well as the genetic improvement of the Cenchrus grasses.
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