表观遗传学
DNA甲基化
暴露的
免疫学
后生
免疫失调
组蛋白
自身免疫性疾病
疾病
生物
自身免疫
遗传倾向
医学
免疫系统
遗传学
基因
基因表达
病理
抗体
作者
Maria Giovanna Danieli,Marco Casciaro,Alberto Paladini,Martina Bartolucci,Martina Sordoni,Yehuda Shoenfeld,Sebastiano Gangemi
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103584
摘要
Systemic autoimmune diseases are complex conditions characterized by an immune system dysregulation and an aberrant activation against self-antigens, leading to tissue and organ damage. Even though genetic predisposition plays a role, it cannot fully explain the onset of these diseases, highlighting the significant impact of non-heritable influences such as environment, hormones and infections. The exposome represents all those factors, ranging from chemical pollutants and dietary components to psychological stressors and infectious agents. Epigenetics, which studies changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, is a crucial link between exposome and the development of autoimmune diseases. Key epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. These epigenetic modifications could provide a potential piece of the puzzle in understanding systemic autoimmune diseases and their connection with the exposome. In this work we have collected the most important and recent evidence in epigenetic changes linked to systemic autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and rheumatoid arthritis), emphasizing the roles these changes may play in disease pathogenesis, their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and their prospective in the development of targeted therapies.
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