The biomechanical implications of lacunar and perilacunar microarchitecture on microdamage accumulation in cortical Bone

Purpose This study aims to explore how the microarchitectural features of lacunae and perilacunar zones impact the biomechanics of microdamage accumulation in cortical bone, crucial for understanding bone disorders' pathogenesis and developing preventive measures. Methods Utilizing the phase-field finite element method, the study analyzed three bone unit models with varying microarchitecture: one without lacunae, one with lacunae, and one including perilacunar zones, to assess their effects on cortical bone's biomechanical properties. Results The presence of lacunae was found to increase microcrack initiation risk, acting as nucleation points and accelerating microcrack propagation. Proximity to Haversian canals exacerbated stress concentration, speeding microdamage progression. Conversely, perilacunar zones mitigated both initiation and propagation. An elevated critical energy release rate correlated with slower crack growth and reduced damage severity. Conclusions The research sheds light on the intricate mechanisms governing microcrack behavior in compact bone, highlighting the significant role of bone's microarchitectural features in its biomechanical response to microdamage. These insights are valuable for the development of strategies to prevent and treat bone-related disorders.