Real-Time Polarization Spectral Detection Based on a Dual-Dispersion and Coded-Aperture Imaging System

A polarization spectral imaging system based on dual dispersion and coded aperture can obtain multidimensional data cubes containing the polarization, spectral, and spatial information of the target through snapshots, and it is a typical detection system in remote sensing. However, because the reconstruction method of the polarization spectrum images of this system is imperfect, most of the images are reconstructed through multiple exposures based on cyclic $S$ -matrix coding, which limits its real-time performance. To resolve this problem, this study proposes a multi-slit encoding method for reconstructing a multidimensional data cube with a single exposure. The method is based on the imaging characteristics of the system, and a multi-slit encoding scheme is designed so that the detector plane can obtain all of the polarization spectral information at one point of the target. A single-exposure experiment shows that the acquisition and processing speed of the system is considerably improved from 1.67 to 15 fps. Furthermore, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the image reconstructed by single-exposure reconstruction reaches 34.37 dB, and the average structural similarity index (SSIM) is 0.912. The proposed method is proven to be effective in promoting the applicability of the spectral imaging system in real-time detection.