Non-invasive biomedical sensors for early detection and monitoring of bacterial biofilm growth at the point of care

生物膜 胞外聚合物 注意事项 微生物学 生化工程 细菌 生物 医学 工程类 病理 遗传学
作者
Weiming Xu,Hatice Ceylan Koydemir
出处
期刊:Lab on a Chip [The Royal Society of Chemistry]
卷期号:22 (24): 4758-4773 被引量:13
标识
DOI:10.1039/d2lc00776b
摘要

Bacterial infections have long been a serious global health issue. Biofilm formation complicates matters even more. The biofilm's extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) matrix protects bacteria from the host's immune responses, yielding strong adhesion and drug resistance as the biofilm matures. Early bacterial biofilm detection and bacterial biofilm growth monitoring are crucial to treating biofilm-associated infections. Current detection methods are highly sensitive but not portable, are time-consuming, and require expensive equipment and complex operating procedures, limiting their use at the point of care. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop affordable, on-body, and non-invasive biomedical sensors to continuously monitor and detect early biofilm growth at the point of care through personalized telemedicine. Herein, recent advances in developing non-invasive biomedical sensors for early detection and monitoring bacterial biofilm growth are comprehensively reviewed. First, biofilm's life cycle and its impact on the human body, such as biofilm-associated disease and infected medical devices, are introduced together with the challenges of biofilm treatment. Then, the current methods used in clinical and laboratory settings for biofilm detection and their challenges are discussed. Next, the current state of non-invasive sensors for direct and indirect detection of bacterial biofilms are summarized and highlighted with the detection parameters and their design details. Finally, commercially available products, challenges of current devices, and the further trend in biofilm detection sensors are discussed.
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