3-Dimensional Bioprinting of a Tendon Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Loaded Scaffold to Bridge the Unrepairable Massive Rotator Cuff Tear

Unrepairable massive rotator cuff tears (UMRCTs) are challenging to surgeons owing to the severely retracted rotator cuff musculotendinous tissues and extreme defects in the rotator cuff tendinous tissues.