Advances in electrode/electrolyte interphase for sodium-ion batteries from half cells to full cells

Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are an important component for grid electrochemical energy storage. Their assembly and operational stability are heavily reliant on the effects that occur at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Although there are numerous recent advances in understanding the interface, the relevant evaluation of electrode/electrolyte interphases from a full-cell perspective has not been well outlined. Herein, this review comprehensively summarizes the interphase formation mechanism and discusses the overall battery performance subject to the characteristics of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) formed on different anode and cathode materials, which are critical for the optimization of performance and the commercialization of devices. Furthermore, it stresses effective serial strategies for moving interface compatibility in full cells forward, including anode/cathode surface engineering and electrolyte regulation. It concludes with an outlook on the challenges and promising avenues to explore rational interface designs for long-lasting rechargeable batteries.