Urate oxidase-loaded MOF electrodeposited on boron nanosheet-doxorubicin complex as multifunctional nano-enzyme platform for enzymatic and ratiometric electrochemical biosensing

In this work, a novel multifunctional nano-enzyme platform was developed and used for enzymatic and ratiometric electrochemical biosensing of uric acid (UA). Boron nanosheets (BNSs) were prepared through ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation, followed by the loading of doxorubicin (DOX) to form BNSs-DOX complex. The complex was drop-casted on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface to prepare BNSs-DOX/GCE. Cobalt-based metal-organic framework (MOF) with encapsulation of urate oxidase (UOx) was in-situ copolymerized and electrodeposited on the BNSs-DOX surface to construct UOx@MOF/BNSs-DOX nanohybrid-modified GCE. The modified electrode serves as an artificial nano-enzyme sensing platform and presents multifunctional functions, including DOX-loaded BNSs carrier, UOx-enzyme immobilization, enzymatic redox and ratiometric electrochemical sensing of UA. The platform was explored as a new ratiometric electrochemical biosensor to detect UA in the concentration range of 0.1-200 μM, with a low limit of detection of 0.025 μM. Experimental results testify high selectivity, sensitivity and stability toward efficient detection of UA over potential interferents, revealing high detection accuracy and repeatability. The explored biosensor shows superior detection performances in real biological samples, together with high detection recoveries. Excellent properties and functions endow the biosensor with great prospects for precise screening and early diagnosis of UA-relevant malignant diseases in clinic.