Studies on chemical charge doping related optical properties in monolayer WS2

Thermal stability of quasi particles, i.e., exciton and trion, and a strong particle-particle interaction significantly tune the optical properties of atomically thin two dimensional (2D) metal dichalcogenides. The present work addresses the effect of inherent defects upon optical properties of chemical vapor deposition grown 1 L-WS2 and proposes the use of chemical transfer doping as a reversible and simple method for identification of the type of excess charge in the system. Photoluminescence (PL) studies in pristine 1 L-WS2 show that an additional band at ∼0.06 eV below trion (X±) PL band was evolved (at low temperature) which was associated to the bound exciton with charged/neutral defect. Using 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane and 2,2-bis1,3-dithiolylidene as p and n-type dopants, respectively, we determined that the inherent defects/metal vacancies, which could be due to the presence of Tungsten metal deficiency, contributed in p-type nature of the pristine 1 L-WS2. Doping of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides materials with organic molecule via the surface charge transfer method is not only a way to provide a handy way to tailor the electronic and optical properties but also can be used as a tool to determine the nature of defects in the material.