Preparation of Dimeric Procyanidins B1, B2, B5, and B7 from a Polymeric Procyanidin Fraction of Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)

A semisynthetic approach has been used for the preparative formation of dimeric procyanidins B1, B2, B5, and B7. As starting material for the semisynthesis, polymeric procyanidins from black chokeberry were applied. These polymers were found to consist almost exclusively of (−)-epicatechin units. Under acidic conditions the interflavanoid linkages of the polymeric procyanidins are cleaved and the liberated (−)-epicatechin can react with nucleophiles, such as (+)-catechin or (−)-epicatechin. In this way, the polymeric procyanidins are degraded while dimeric procyanidins are formed. During this reaction only dimeric procyanidins are formed that contain (−)-epicatechin in the upper unit, that is, B1 [(−)-EC-4β→8-(+)-C)], B2 [(−)-EC-4β→8-(−)-EC], B5 [(−)-EC-4β→6-(−)-EC], and B7 [(−)-EC-4β→6-(+)-C]. The reaction mixtures of the semisynthesis can be successfully fractionated with high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC), and it is possible to isolate pure procyanidins B1, B2, B5, and B7 on a preparative scale.