Biospired Janus Silk E-Textiles with Wet–Thermal Comfort for Highly Efficient Biofluid Monitoring

Functionalized textiles capable of biofluid administration are favorable for enhancing the wet-thermal comfort of the wearer and healthcare performance. Herein, inspired by the Janus wettability of lotus leaf, we propose a skin-comfortable Janus electronic textile (e-textile) based on natural silk materials for managing and analysis of biofluid. Silk materials are chosen and modified as both a textile substrate and a sensing electrode due to its natural biocompatibility. The unidirectional biofluid behavior of such Janus silk substrate facilitates a comfortable skin microenvironment, including weakening the undesired wet adhesion (∼0 mN cm-2) and avoiding excessive heat or cold on the epidermis. We noninvasively analyze multiple targets of human sweat with less required liquid volume (∼5 μL) and a faster (2-3 min) response time based on the silk-based yarn electrode woven into the hydrophilic side of Janus silk. This work bridges the gap between physiological comfort and sensing technology using biomass-derived elements, presenting a new type of smart textiles for wet-thermal management and health monitoring.