The novel orange-emitting Sr2YSbO6:Sm3+ phosphors were synthesized in this work. The crystal structure, morphology, elemental composition, photoluminescence (PL) performances were investigated in detail. The Sr2YSbO6:Sm3+ phosphors was confirmed to possess the monoclinic phase with the space group of P 21/n by using the Rietveld refinement. The [SbO6] octahedral would be made of one Sb5+ and six O2–, which would offer a relatively stable micro-structure. The optimal doping concentration was determined to be 5 mol% with the CIE chromatic coordinate of (0.583, 0.411) while the concentration quenching mechanism was dominated by the dipole–dipole interaction. It is worth noting that the emission intensity could remain about 78.11% at 423 K compared with its value at 303 K, suggesting that the resultant Sr2YSbO6:Sm3+ phosphors having good thermal stability which could be utilized for solid-state lighting.