Rainfall Influences Occurrence of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in Landfill Leachates: Evidence from Seasonal Variations and Extreme Rainfall Episodes

渗滤液 环境科学 降水 季节性 环境化学 化学 生态学 气象学 生物 物理
作者
Xia Yu,Qian Sui,Shuguang Lyu,Wentao Zhao,Dongquan Wu,Gang Yu,‪Damià Barceló
出处
期刊:Environmental Science & Technology [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:55 (8): 4822-4830 被引量:33
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.0c07588
摘要

Unused or expired pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are usually discharged into municipal solid wastes, then travel to landfills, and eventually percolate into leachates. However, knowledge of their occurrence and temporal dynamics in leachates is limited, making landfill leachate an underappreciated emission source of PPCPs. Furthermore, the differences in PPCP variations in landfill leachates emphasize the necessity for identifying the influencing factors and elucidating the mechanisms for PPCP fluctuations. In this study, successive monthly monitoring of PPCPs in leachates throughout an entire year was performed to determine their seasonal variations and identify their influencing factors. Furthermore, five pairs of additional sampling campaigns were conducted before and after rainfall events during wet seasons to elucidate the influencing mechanisms. The results showed that there was a distinct seasonal variation in PPCPs in landfill leachates—elevated levels during the wet period (from April to September, with a mean concentration of 17.0 μg/L for total monitored PPCPs)—when compared to other months (mean concentration of 3.8 μg/L). Rainfall played a considerable role in mediating PPCP concentrations in leachates. The PPCP responses to five rainfall episodes further verified the influence of rainfall and demonstrated that the tendency to PPCP concentration increase was related to rainfall precipitation. Torrential rain events (i.e., 24 h cumulative precipitation of 50–99.9 mm) led to the most significant increases in PPCP concentrations in landfill leachates. In addition, the hydrophilicity of PPCPs contributed to the different fluctuations during the 1 year investigation and different responses to rainfall. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first direct evidence supporting the influence of rainfall on PPCPs in landfill leachates, which can help better understand the occurrence and behavior of emerging contaminants in this underappreciated emission source.
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