First Report of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 12First Report of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in ChinaG. S. Wen, L. Y. Yang, R. F. Anane, Z. L. Chen, Y. H. Yang, L. Chen, Y. Sun, and M. F. ZhaoG. S. WenCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China, L. Y. YangKey Laboratory for Agricultural Biodiversity for Pest Management of China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China, R. F. AnaneCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China, Z. L. Chenhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-1364College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China, Y. H. YangKey Laboratory for Agricultural Biodiversity for Pest Management of China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China, L. Chenhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9090-7105Key Laboratory for Agricultural Biodiversity for Pest Management of China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China, Y. SunKey Laboratory for Agricultural Biodiversity for Pest Management of China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China, and M. F. Zhao†Corresponding author: M. F. Zhao; E-mail Address: [email protected]http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1186-7203Key Laboratory for Agricultural Biodiversity for Pest Management of China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. ChinaAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations G. S. Wen1 L. Y. Yang2 R. F. Anane1 Z. L. Chen1 Y. H. Yang2 L. Chen2 Y. Sun2 M. F. Zhao2 † 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China 2Key Laboratory for Agricultural Biodiversity for Pest Management of China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China Published Online:28 Oct 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-19-0445-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is a positive strand ssRNA virus belonging to the genus Tobamovirus in the family Virgaviridae. It was first reported in the United States of America in 1964 (Greenleaf et al. 1964), and now it occurs worldwide. It is a serious threat to pepper production throughout the world. Under natural conditions, the virus can infect all Capsicum spp. The virus can also infect plants in the families Solanaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Amaranthaceae by mechanical inoculation. So far, there is no report of PMMoV infection on Paris polyphylla, a perennial herb used in traditional Chinese medicine (Wu et al. 2018). There are a few reports of viruses infecting P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, including of the putative potexvirus Paris polyphylla virus X (Dong et al. 2007) and the potyvirus Paris mosaic necrosis virus (Lan et al. 2018). During field surveys from September to November 2018 in the Qujing area of Yunnan Province, China, symptoms consisting of foliar chlorosis were observed on P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis plants. Disease incidence ranged from 15 to 30% across five fields. Samples were collected from five symptomatic Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. We performed electron microscopic observation, double antibody sandwich ELISA, and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) detection on the collected samples. One gram of diseased leaves was ground in 4 ml of 0.5 M potassium phosphate buffer (0.1% mercaptoethanol, 0.01 M EDTA, 1 M urea, pH 7.0), followed by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant was filtered (0.45 μm), negatively stained, and then observed on a transmission electron microscope (JEM-1200EXII, JEOL, Japan). Rigid-rod particles, with a modal length of ∼310 nm and a width of ∼15 nm, were detected from the diseased samples under transmission electron microscopy. The leaf samples were further analyzed using a pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) ELISA kit (DEIAPV220, Creative Diagnostics, U.S.A.). Healthy P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis leaves were taken as a negative control and buffer solution as a blank control. The results showed a positive reaction for all the five symptomatic plants (OD = 1.582 ± 0.009) relative to the negative (OD = 0.091) and blank (0.083) controls. The positive samples were further analyzed by RT-PCR with the degenerate primers TobUni1 (5′-ATTTAAGTGGAGGGAAAACCACT-3′) and TobUni2 (5′-GTYGTTGATGAGTTCGTGGA-3′), which were used for the detection of Tobamovirus CP gene (Letschert et al. 2002). The expected 759-bp fragment was obtained from each sample, and they were cloned and sequenced. In pairwise comparisons, all five nucleotide sequences were 100% identical to each other and 96.05 to 98.81% identical to corresponding GenBank sequences of PMMoV. The complete genome of one isolate (PMMoV-QJ) was amplified, sequenced, and determined to be 6,357 bp in length (GenBank accession no. MK784568). The full-length sequence of PMMoV-QJ shared 99% identity with the sequences of PMMoV isolates RP (KR108206) and PMMoV-LS (KR108207) obtained from pepper plants in South Korea. PMMoV can be transmitted by seed and mechanical inoculation, and the vectors are not easily transported. The virus can also be mechanically inoculated into some hosts of Solanaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Amaranthaceae (Ikegashira et al. 2004). P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis is an important perennial medicinal plant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PMMoV infecting P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis in China.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Dong, J. H., et al. 2007. Acta Phytopathologica Sin. 37:237. Google ScholarGreenleaf, W. H., et al. 1964. Phytopathology 1367:1371. Google ScholarIkegashira, Y., et al. 2004. Plant Dis. 88:650. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.6.650 Link, ISI, Google ScholarLan, P., et al. 2018. Arch. Virol. 163:787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3649-x Crossref, Google ScholarLetschert, B., et al. 2002. J. Virol. Methods 106:1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(02)00135-0 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWu, X. M., et al. 2018. Vib. Spectrosc. 96:125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2018.04.001 Crossref, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.G. S. Wen and L. Y. Yang contributed equally to this study.Funding: This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81860774).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 12 December 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionChlorotic symptom of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis infected by PMMoV-QJ (Wen et al.). Photo credit: M. F. Zhao. Symptoms of Puccinia triticina on wheat (Brar et al.). Photo credit: G. S. Brar. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 21 Nov 2019Published: 28 Oct 2019First Look: 29 Aug 2019Accepted: 27 Aug 2019 Pages: 3289-3289 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 81860774Keywordsvirusesfield cropspathogen detectionThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byA review on Paris polyphylla Smith: A vulnerable medicinal plant species of a global significanceJournal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Vol. 33Pepper Mild Mottle Virus: An Infectious Pathogen in Pepper Production and a Potential Indicator of Domestic Water Quality19 January 2023 | Viruses, Vol. 15, No. 2Complete genome sequence analysis of a new potyvirus isolated from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis7 January 2023 | Archives of Virology, Vol. 168, No. 2High-throughput sequencing reveals the presence of novel and known viruses in diseased Paris yunnanensis14 December 2022 | Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 13Complete genome sequence analysis of Paris alphapartitivirus 1: a novel member of the genus Alphapartitivirus infecting Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis20 July 2022 | Archives of Virology, Vol. 167, No. 11Complete genome sequence of a novel mitovirus detected in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis17 January 2022 | Archives of Virology, Vol. 167, No. 2Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumCharacterization of a novel Tombusviridae species isolated from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis13 August 2021 | Archives of Virology, Vol. 166, No. 11Complete genome sequence analysis of a novel coguvirus isolated from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis4 May 2021 | Archives of Virology, Vol. 166, No. 7Whole-genome sequence analysis of paris virus 1: a novel member of the genus Potyvirus infecting Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis25 February 2020 | Archives of Virology, Vol. 165, No. 4