Study on surface quality, precision and mechanical properties of 3D printed ZrO2 ceramic components by laser scanning stereolithography

Zirconia (ZrO2) ceramic bars with three different printing sizes were fabricated by a stereolithographic (SLA) 3D-printing process and subsequent sintering. An anisotropic character of the ceramics surface quality was observed. The surface roughness of the horizontal surface was below 0.41 µm, whereas it reached 1.07 µm along the fabrication direction on the vertical surface. The warpage and flatness were utilized to measure the dimensional accuracy of the 3D printed ZrO2. Furthermore, it was evaluated that the warpage and flatness were below 40 µm and 27 µm, respectively, even if the printed size of ceramic bar reached 3 mm × 4 mm × 80 mm. In addition, the flexural strength, the fracture toughness, the hardness and the density of ZrO2 ceramics can reach to 1154 ± 182 MPa, 6.37 ± 0.25 MPa m1/2, 13.90 ± 0.62 GPa and up to 99.3%, respectively. Moreover, the effects of scanning paths and printing size on properties of the sintered ZrO2 samples were analyzed. The anisotropic character of surface quality was related to the various scanning paths. The warpage and flatness of 3D printed ZrO2 bars were apparently affected by the various printed sizes. Also, the effects of special microstructure on the mechanical properties of sintered ZrO2 samples were investigated.