Bioactive and intelligent starch-based films: A review

Starch-based films are degradable, renewable, cost effective, and can be used as a foodstuff packaging material. Functional starch-based films have attracted extensive attention from researchers in recent years. Bioactive starch-based films with antibacterial, anti-oxidation, UV, oxygen, and water vapor barriers can reduce the reproduction of microorganisms and prolong the shelf life of packaged foods. Intelligent starch-based films with pH-, temperature-, magnetic field-, glucose-, and enzyme-responsive characteristics can be used to monitor the freshness of foods and control the delivery of functional ingredients and drugs. Therefore, the development of biodegradable bioactive and intelligent starch-based films is particularly important. In this review, we first introduce three common methods for preparing starch-based films and their advantages and disadvantages. Then, the bioactive and intelligent properties of starch-based films are discussed. Finally, examples are used to illustrate the application of active and intelligent starch-based films in food packaging and other areas. The addition of plant extracts, plant essential oils, and nanoparticles to starch films can improve their antibacterial, antioxidant, and barrier properties. The addition of anthocyanins to starch films can make the films pH-responsive, indicating the degree of spoilage in fish products and achieving the purpose of warning consumers. In the future, it is necessary to study other biologically active starch-based films, such as anti-fatigue, enzyme-responsive, and salt-responsive starch-based films.