Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis: The Future of Green Hydrogen

可再生能源 电解水 电解 分解水 工艺工程 化石燃料 环境科学 商业化 耐久性 纳米技术 废物管理 材料科学 催化作用 化学 电气工程 工程类 业务 电极 光催化 营销 复合材料 生物化学 有机化学 物理化学 电解质
作者
Qihao Li,Andrés Molina Villarino,Cheyenne R. Peltier,Alexandra J. Macbeth,Yao Yang,Mi‐Ju Kim,Zixiao Shi,Mihail R. Krumov,Chong Lei,Gabriel G. Rodríguez-Calero,Joesene Soto,Seung‐Ho Yu,Paul F. Mutolo,Li Xiao,Lin Zhuang,David A. Muller,Geoffrey W. Coates,Piotr Zelenay,Hèctor D. Abruña
出处
期刊:Journal of Physical Chemistry C [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:127 (17): 7901-7912 被引量:50
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c00319
摘要

Hydrogen-derived power is one of the most promising components of a fossil fuel-independent future when deployed with green and renewable primary energy sources. Energy from the sun, wind, waves/tidal, and other emissions-free sources can power water electrolyzers (WEs), devices that can produce green hydrogen without carbon emissions. According to recent International Renewable Energy Agency reports, most WEs employed in the industry are currently alkaline water electrolyzers and proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), with ∼200 and ∼70 years of commercialization history, respectively. The former suffers from inherently limited current densities due to inevitable gas crossover, operates using corrosive (7 M) alkaline solutions, and requires large installation footprints, while the latter requires expensive and scarce precious metal-based electrocatalysts. An emerging technology, the anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE), seeks to combine the benefits of both into one device while overcoming the limitations of each. AEMWEs afford higher operating current densities and pressures, similar Faradaic efficiencies when compared to PEMWEs (>90%), rapid ramping/load-following responsiveness, and the use of non-noble metal catalysts and pure water feed. While recent reports show promising device performance, close to 3 A/cm2 for AEMWEs with 1 M KOH or pure water feed, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that govern device performance and stability is required for the technology to compete and flourish. Herein, we briefly discuss the fundamentals of AEMWEs in terms of device components, catalysts, membranes, and long-term stability/durability. We provide our perspective on where the field is going and offer our opinion on how specific performance and stability tests should be performed to facilitate the development of the field.
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