医学
彭布罗利珠单抗
尿路上皮癌
肿瘤科
透视图(图形)
癌症
内科学
癌症研究
膀胱癌
免疫疗法
人工智能
计算机科学
摘要
For several decades, platinum-based chemotherapy has been the standard first-line option for patients with advanced inoperable or metastatic (or both) urothelial carcinoma. This paradigm, in which platinum-based chemotherapy was considered to be the only effective first-line chemotherapy, was implemented in the 1980s1 and remained unchanged even after immune checkpoint inhibitors were introduced in recent years as part of the treatment regimen for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Treatment advances were made by replacing older treatments with less toxic combinations (e.g., gemcitabine and cisplatin2) or by replacing cisplatin with carboplatin in patients who were ineligible to receive cisplatin3 rather than by improving treatment . . .
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