DNA double-strand break repair capacity and its pathway gene variants predict the risk and prognosis of lung cancer

Objectives This study aims to investigate the association between DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair capacity, variations in DSBs-related genes, and the occurrence and prognosis of lung cancer in the Chinese population. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from 98 lung cancer patients and 60 healthy individuals. The individual DSBs repair capacity was assessed by measuring changes in γ-H2AX levels after treatment with etoposide. Exonic sequencing of 45 DSBs-related genes was performed on PBMC DNA. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between lung cancer risk and DSBs repair capacity as well as germlines gene variations. Survival analysis employed the Cox proportional hazards regression model, Kaplan-Meier method, and Log-rank test. Results Lower DSBs repair capacity predicted an increased risk of developing lung cancer (OR = 0.94, 95 %CI = 0.917–0.964, P<0.001). Among lung cancer patients, higher DSBs repair capacity was associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) during first-line treatment (HR = 1.80, 95 %CI = 1.10–3.00, P = 0.031). Patients with BRCA1 mutations had shorter overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.92, 95 %CI = 1.12–3.28, P = 0.018). Patients with FOXO3 mutations had shorter PFS (HR = 4.23, 95 %CI = 1.44–12.36, P = 0.009). Analysis of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) indicated that LIG4 mutations were associated with shorter PFS (HR = 2.90, 95 %CI = 1.00–8.10, P = 0.041). Conclusions This study concludes that assessing DSBs repair capacity holds promise for predicting both lung cancer risk and prognosis in the Chinese population. Further large-scale studies and functional validation of specific gene mutations related to double-strand breaks are necessary for confirmation.