Low permittivity cordierite-based microwave dielectric ceramics for 5G/6G telecommunications

5G and forthcoming 6G communication systems require dielectric ceramics with low relative permittivity (εr) and near-zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) for the lower part of the microwave (MW) band and at sub-Terahertz. Mg2Al4Si5O18 (MAS) ceramics are promising candidates due to their low εr (~ 6) and high-quality factor (Q×f > 40,000 GHz) but have a large τf. In this study, 5.5 wt% TiO2 (MAS-T5.5) was used to adjust τf of MAS to −2.8 ppm/℃ whilst retaining low εr (5.24) and good Q×f (33,400 GHz), properties consistent with those obtained by infrared reflectance. A demonstrator microstrip patch antenna with gain 4.92 dBi and 76.3% efficiency was fabricated from MAS-T5.5.