神经酰胺
鞘脂
鞘磷脂
鞘氨醇
陶氏病
生物
细胞生物学
脂质信号
细胞凋亡
1-磷酸鞘氨醇
发病机制
生物化学
阿尔茨海默病
化学
内科学
内分泌学
疾病
神经退行性变
酶
医学
免疫学
胆固醇
受体
作者
Xingxuan He,Huang Yu,Bin Li,Cheng‐Xin Gong,Edward H. Schuchman
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.05.010
摘要
Abnormal sphingolipid metabolism has been previously reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To extend these findings, several sphingolipids and sphingolipid hydrolases were analyzed in brain samples from AD patients and age-matched normal individuals. We found a pattern of elevated acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and acid ceramidase (AC) expression in AD, leading to a reduction in sphingomyelin and elevation of ceramide. More sphingosine also was found in the AD brains, although sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels were reduced. Notably, significant correlations were observed between the brain ASM and S1P levels and the levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Based on these findings, neuronal cell cultures were treated with Aβ oligomers, which were found to activate ASM, increase ceramide, and induce apoptosis. Pre-treatment of the neurons with purified, recombinant AC prevented the cells from undergoing Aβ-induced apoptosis. We propose that ASM activation is an important pathological event leading to AD, perhaps due to Aβ deposition. The downstream consequences of ASM activation are elevated ceramide, activation of ceramidases, and production of sphingosine. The reduced levels of S1P in the AD brain, together with elevated ceramide, likely contribute to the disease pathogenesis.
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