Recent progress on doped ZnO nanostructures for visible-light photocatalysis

光催化 掺杂剂 可见光谱 材料科学 兴奋剂 带隙 纳米技术 纳米结构 半导体 环境污染 光电子学 化学 催化作用 环境科学 生物化学 环境保护
作者
Morasae Samadi,Mohammad Zirak,Amene Naseri,Elham Khorashadizade,Alireza Z. Moshfegh
出处
期刊:Thin Solid Films [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:605: 2-19 被引量:681
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.tsf.2015.12.064
摘要

Global environmental pollution and energy supply demand have been regarded as important concerns in recent years. Metal oxide semiconductor photocatalysts is a promising approach to apply environmental remediation as well as fuel generation from water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. ZnO nanostructures have been shown promising photocatalytic activities due to their non-toxic, inexpensive, and highly efficient nature. However, its wide band gap hinders photo-excitation for practical photocatalytic applications under solar light as an abundant, clean and safe energy source. To overcome this barrier, many strategies have been developed in the last decade to apply ZnO nanostructured photocatalysts under visible light. In this review, we have classified different approaches to activate ZnO as a photocatalyst in visible-light spectrum. Utilization of various nonmetals, transition metals and rare-earth metals for doping in ZnO crystal lattice to create visible-light-responsive doped ZnO photocatalysts is discussed. Generation of localized energy levels within the gap in doped ZnO nanostructures has played an important role in effective photocatalytic reaction under visible-light irradiation. The effect of dopant type, ionic size and its concentration on the crystal structure, electronic property and morphology of doped ZnO with a narrower band gap is reviewed systematically. Finally, a comparative study is performed to evaluate two classes of metals and nonmetals as useful dopants for ZnO nanostructured photocatalysts under visible light.
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