This paper deals with the problem of fault in connection with international responsibility, roots of which spread deeply beneath the entire field of international law. The author emphasizes the importance of periodical research of the subject in order to see how the new developments in different areas of international law and practice influenced the connection between the private law concept such as fault and the responsibility of States. The special emphasis in this study is put on the notion of due diligence, which is invoked by both the supporters of fault as a prerequisite for State responsibility and partisans of the objective approach.