A multicenter prospective study on online lifestyle intervention in women with polycystic ovary syndrome based on the analysis of their body composition

Objective To evaluate the effect of an online intervention program based on the analysis of human body composition on reproductive and metabolic abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women. Methods A total of 103 patients with PCOS were recruited from May 2017 to March 2018 in Eden Outpatient and other 8 hospitals, and divided into 2 groups: overweight and obese group [body mass index (BMI)≥24 kg/m2] and non-obese group (BMI<24 kg/m2). The individualized diet and exercise program was formulated for these PCOS patients. Over the 12 weeks intervention, diet and exercise of the patients was recorded using WeChat Mini Programs. After intervention, changes in body composition, insulin resistance (IR) and ovulation were monitored and their correlations were analyzed. Results After 12 weeks of treatment, 1) body fat percentage of both groups significantly decreased (P<0.01), while only skeletal muscle mass percentage increased in non-obese group (P<0.01); 2) homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) and insulin area under curve in both groups significantly decreased (P<0.01), and intervention improved glucose tolerance in 4 diabetic patients (2 cases in overweight and obese group, 2 cases in non-obese group); 3) the decrease of HOMA-IR in overweight and obese group was positively correlated with the decrease of body fat percentage in overweight and obese group (r=0.368, P=0.021); while, negatively correlated with the increase of skeletal muscle mass percentage in non-obese group (r=-0.512, P=0.001); 4) the recoveries of spontaneous ovulation in overweight and obese group and non-obese group were 60.9% (28/46) and 72.1% (31/43), respectively. The recovery of ovulation was positively correlated with the decrease of body fat percentage in the overweight and obese group (r=0.343, P=0.003); while, positively correlated with the increase of skeletal muscle mass percent in non-obese group (r=0.506, P=0.001). Conclusion According to the body composition, an individualized lifestyle intervention reduces body fat percentage of obese PCOS patients and increases skeletal muscle body mass in non-obese PCOS patients, then improves IR and recover spontaneous ovulation. The intervention of lifestyle based on body composition is precise and scientific intervention of lifestyle. Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome; Insulin resistance; Body composition; Lifestyle intervention; Online service platform