材料科学
无定形固体
多孔性
阴极
阳极
复合数
电化学
硅
锂(药物)
涂层
化学工程
纳米技术
复合材料
冶金
电极
物理化学
有机化学
内分泌学
医学
化学
工程类
作者
Ying Zhang,Rui Zhang,Shucheng Chen,Hongpeng Gao,Mingqian Li,Xiaolan Song,Huolin L. Xin,Zheng Chen
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202005956
摘要
Abstract Silicon has attracted considerable interest as a high‐capacity anode material for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. However, Si‐based anodes suffer extreme volume change ( ≈ 380%) upon lithiation and delithiation, which results in rapid capacity fading due to mechanical and electrochemical failure during cycling. Herein, a sustainable and scalable method to synthesize hierarchically porous micron‐sized Si particles from the low‐cost diatomite precursor is reported, which serves as both the precursor and the template. Through a one‐step magnesiothermic reduction, the SiO 2 constituent in diatomite is reduced to form a Si/SiO 2 composite network with 10–30 nm crystalline Si domains embedded within an amorphous SiO 2 matrix. Controlling the reduction time leads to an optimal ratio between the crystalline Si and the amorphous SiO 2 constituent, which endows the composite structure with high capacity and excellent cycling stability. For example, 90% capacity can be retained after 500 cycles at 0.2C for sample reduced by 6 h without any coating or prelithiation. The full cell with such Si/SiO 2 as the anode and LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 as the cathode shows ≈ 80% capacity retention after 200 cycles. This work creates a unique path towards sustainable and scalable production of high‐performance micron‐sized Si anodes, offering new opportunities for potential industrial applications.
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