Unveiling Detection Probability for Multi-Gaussian Correlated Anomalous Vortex Modes in Maritime Atmospheric Turbulence

In this study, we employ the Rytov approximation to investigate the detection probability of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in multi-Gaussian correlated anomalous vortex (MGCAV) beams under non-Kolmogorov maritime atmospheric turbulence. Our results demonstrate that the OAM detection probability of a MGCAV beam is influenced by various factors, including beam parameters and the characteristics of maritime atmospheric turbulence. Specifically, an increase in propagation distance, beam order, and beam index, or a decrease in inner scale, spatial coherence width, and non-Kolmogorov parameter, leads to a decrease in the OAM detection probability. The phase characteristics of partially coherent vortex modes are affected by both atmospheric turbulence phase and initial random phase, resulting in reduced robustness compared to fully coherent vortex modes. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between Gaussian–Schell correlated anomalous vortex (GSCAV) beams and MGCAV beams reveals the superior resilience of GSCAV beams in mitigating the impact of maritime atmospheric turbulence. Moreover, specific combinations of beam order, topological charge, and beam waist, or the optimal beam width, yield maximum OAM detection probability or minimum scintillation. These findings provide valuable insights applicable to optical communication, particularly in scenarios above sea and ocean levels.