投标
电力市场
利润(经济学)
微观经济学
需求响应
付款
业务
数学优化
电
计算机科学
运筹学
经济
工程类
财务
数学
电气工程
作者
Zheng Wang,Chaojie Li,Xiaojun Zhou,Renyou Xie,Xiangyu Li,Zhaoyang Dong
出处
期刊:Applied Energy
[Elsevier]
日期:2023-12-01
卷期号:352: 121918-121918
被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121918
摘要
Strategic bidding which aims to optimally harvest the price difference in the wholesale electricity market can efficiently allocate VPPs’ aggregated resources to provide large flexibility for energy and frequency regulation (FR), aiding in the real-time rebalancing of supply and demand. However, the uncertainty of renewable energy results in substantial imbalances between supply and demand, which causes high randomness of system frequency deviation and significant price fluctuations in the electricity market, making bidding challenging. To tackle these issues, a risk-averse optimal bidding strategy is proposed for VPPs to participate in both energy and FR markets. Moreover, a payment recovery mechanism is designed to recover the cost of FR undersupply. Specifically, each VPP submits bids to maximize profit, while the market operator clears the market and penalizes undersupply through the payment recovery mechanism. The existence of Nash equilibrium is proved, and a distributed best response algorithm is implemented to calculate the risk-averse optimal bidding strategy, taking into account Denial-of-Service attacks. The mean-convergence and variance-convergence of our proposed algorithm are derived. A case study of Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) validates the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing overbidding risk, strengthening FR service reliability and improving profits for VPPs.
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