CoCl2-mimicked hypoxia induces the assembly of stress granules in trophoblast cells via eIF2α phosphorylation-dependent and -independent pathways

Hypoxia has been implicated in preeclampsia (PE) pathophysiology. Stress granules (SGs) are present in the placenta of patients with PE. However, the pathways that contribute to SG aggregation in PE remain poorly understood.The objective of the current study is to investigate this issue. We first established an in vitro hypoxia model using human trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2).CCK8 assay and wound healing assay were conducted to assess the viability and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells after exposure to CoCl2-mimicked hypoxia. SG component expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with CoCl2 alone, or in combination with indicated siRNAs was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot and immunofluorescence staining.Our results found CoCl2-mimicked hypoxia inhibits the proliferation and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells. The treatment of CoCl2 can induce SG assembly in HTR-8/Svneo cells.Mechanistically, both heme-regulated inhibitors (HRI) mediated eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)2α phosphorylation pathway and 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1) pathway are involved in SG formation under the stress of CoCl2-mimicked hypoxia. Hypoxia-induced SGs in trophoblast cells might contribute to the etiology of PE.