Lensless phase-only holographic retinal projection display based on the error diffusion algorithm

Holographic retinal projection display (RPD) can project images directly onto the retina without any lens by encoding a convergent spherical wave phase with the target images. Conventional amplitude-type holographic RPD suffers from strong zero-order light and conjugate. In this paper, a lensless phase-only holographic RPD based on error diffusion algorithm is demonstrated. It is found that direct error diffusion of the complex Fresnel hologram leads to low image quality. Thus, a post-addition phase method is proposed based on angular spectrum diffraction. The spherical wave phase is multiplied after error diffusion process, and acts as an imaging lens. In this way, the error diffusion functions better due to reduced phase difference between adjacent pixels, and a virtual image with improved quality is produced. The viewpoint is easily deflected just by changing the post-added spherical phase. A full-color holographic RPD with adjustable eyebox is demonstrated experimentally with time-multiplexing technique.