Targeted elimination of tetravalent-Sn-induced defects for enhanced efficiency and stability in lead-free NIR-II perovskite LEDs

Eco-friendly Sn-based perovskites show significant potential for high-performance second near-infrared window light-emitting diodes (900 nm - 1700 nm). Nevertheless, achieving efficient and stable Sn-based perovskite second near-infrared window light-emitting diodes remains challenging due to the propensity of Sn