Congenital Anomalies of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract

Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) are some of the most common abnormalities detected on prenatal imaging assessment. It is estimated that CAKUT comprises 20% to 30% of all major birth defects. More than 200 clinical syndromes currently include CAKUT as a component of the phenotype. This chapter outlines the evaluation and management of the most common forms of CAKUT.