Investigation of multiferroic properties of dysprosium substituted bismuth ferrite (Bi1-xDyxFeO3) prepared by auto combustion technique

A simple and inexpensive auto combustion procedure was used to create the Bi1-xDyxFeO3 (x=0.0, 0.015, 0.03, 0.045, 0.060) multiferroics samples. In bismuth ferrite, the average crystallite size increased with growing Dy3+ concentration in BFO, revealing a rhombohedral distorted perovskite structure of space group R3c. During morphological analyses of the produced samples, a spherical structure with little aggregation was found. When Dy3+ is substituted at the B-site, the Raman modes widen and the cation site occupancy changes even more. The frequency-dependent dielectric properties (εr, tanδ), electric conductivity (ac), impedance (Z), and electric modulus (M' and M′′) of the samples were assessed using an impedance analyzer at frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 MHz. All samples had the maximum dielectric constant, which was discovered at a relatively low frequency. The highest value of impedance was found at low frequency and it lowers with increasing frequency as a result of the contributions from the grain and grain boundary. It is discovered that the samples' ac conductivity is frequency-dependent and changes depending on how much Dy3+ is doped into the BFO.