The impact of boron carbide in soft and hard body armor: A comprehensive evaluation on Kevlar and UHMWPE fabrics

Abstract In this research, an investigation was conducted to ascertain the impact of boron carbide (B 4 C) microparticles on soft and hard armor configurations, utilizing two distinct high‐performance fabrics namely, Kevlar and Ultra‐high Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), also this work discerned the optimal fabric for protection against dagger attacks and 9 mm full metal jacket (FMJ) projectiles. Initially, rheological tests on four shear thickening fluid (STF) samples revealed that 70% of nano‐silicate (SiO 2 ) content was the optimal ratio. Besides, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) tests showed that B 4 C affected the nano‐silicate dispersion. Hence, the use of STF as a matrix, led to complete protection in low‐velocity stab test and behavior improvement when subjected to NIJ ballistic test for both fabric types. On the other hand, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the thermosetting epoxy resin‐based composites reinforced by B 4 C indicated that the 10% ratio offered maximum rigidity, resulting in improved ballistic performance. This study revealed that Kevlar fabrics exhibit superior behavior in soft protection, while UHMWPE hard composite display further rigidity against high‐velocity impacts. Overall, this work contributes novel insights into the efficiency of B 4 C integration within soft and hard armor configurations using two ballistic fabrics, highlighting their performance characteristics in ballistic shielding. Highlights Investigation of B 4 C microparticles: The research examines the impact of B 4 C microparticles on soft and hard armor configurations. High‐performance fabrics: Kevlar and UHMWPE uses. The use of STF as a matrix for soft and thermosetting epoxy resin for hard armor: enhanced composite performance. Low‐velocity and high‐velocity impact tests investigations; microparticles B 4 C incorporation: superior mechanical characteristics. Remarkable energy absorption: promising shielding uses.