Measuring Children’s Reward and Punishment Sensitivity: An Initial Psychometric Evaluation of the Contingency Response Rating Scale

心理学 评定量表 临床心理学 意外事故 惩罚(心理学) 品行障碍 发展心理学 冲动性 精神病理学 应急管理 比例(比率) 心理测量学 精神科 干预(咨询) 哲学 物理 量子力学 语言学
作者
Daniel A. Waschbusch,Vanessa T. Cao,Delshad M. Shroff,Pevitr S. Bansal,Michael T. Willoughby
出处
期刊:Assessment [SAGE Publishing]
被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1177/10731911241256536
摘要

Existing research shows that children’s responses to rewards and punishments are essential for understanding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and callous-unemotional traits. The present study developed the Contingency Response Rating Scale (CRRS) to fulfill the need for a reliable and valid measure of children’s contingency response style that is brief, easy to use in applied settings, and provides additional information to existing clinical measures. We examined the psychometric properties of the CRRS in a sample of 196 children (ages 5–12), most of whom were referred to evaluate attention and behavior problems in an outpatient clinic. Using principal axis factoring, we identified five factors: (a) punishment ineffectiveness, (b) reward ineffectiveness, (c) punishment dysregulation, (d) reward dysregulation, and (e) contingency insensitivity. The subscales based on these factors showed acceptable test–retest and internal consistency reliability, and scale intercorrelations varied from low to moderate. The subscales also captured significant variance not explained by child or parent demographics and were associated with measures of psychopathology and impairment. The results provide preliminary evidence that the CRRS may be a helpful tool for assessing reward and punishment sensitivity in children with attention and behavior problems.
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