Fabrication of nanoscale yttria stabilized zirconia for solid oxide fuel cell

Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the most widespread electrolyte material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) due to its high ionic conductivity and electronic resistivity over a wide range of oxygen partial pressures. In addition, it is chemically stable at high temperature in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres and chemically and mechanically compatible with the other cell components and gas tight. The objective of this paper is to review current status and related researches about the development of nanoscale YSZ used as electrolyte in SOFC from the viewpoint of materials nanostructure and performance associated with the fabrication and optimization processes. The latest development and achievement in nanoscale YSZ materials are presented. Challenges and research trends based on the fundamental understanding of the materials science and engineering for the nanoscale YSZ development for the commercially viable SOFC technologies are discussed.