Catalytic applications of enzymes encapsulated in metal–organic frameworks

The global catalyst industry is valued at nearly 20 billion USD and demand continues to rise. Enzymes, biological macromolecules, are highly selective and efficient catalysts; however, their commercial implementation has been hindered due to their poor chemical and thermal stability and low reusability. Numerous strategies have been investigated to stabilize enzymes and improve their processability. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been investigated as enzyme immobilization supports. Herein, we highlight the immobilization of enzymes in MOF cages and pores for catalysis applications and discuss the future of this enzyme encapsulation strategy.