Lansoprazole, a cure-four, enables perovskite solar cells efficiency exceeding 24%

The practical applications of organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), as the fastest growing photovoltaic devices, are limited by the further improvement of their stability and performance. Additive engineering is considered as a hopeful strategy to alleviate these issues. Herein, Lansoprazole (Lanz), as a multifunctional additive, has four effects for ameliorating the stability and performance of PSCs. The strong hydrophobic trifluoromethyl group on Lanz can cover atop of perovskite to build a moisture-oxygen-barrier; The high electron-donating sulfinyl moiety on Lanz can provide lone electron pair to lead ions to passivate defects; The modification of Lanz can adjust Fermi-level of perovskite and optimize the energy match of functional layers; The introduction of Lanz can moderate the growth rate of perovskite, improve crystal quality and reduce grain boundaries and defects. Consequently, the Lanz-modified device achieves an excellent PCE of 24.05% compared to the pristine device (PCE of 21.91%). Meanwhile the modified device possesses excellent environmental and operational stability that maintains 84% of its initial PCE under continuous irradiation for 500 h.