颗粒酶
穿孔素
颗粒酶A
蛋白酵素
生物
颗粒酶B
细胞生物学
细胞毒性T细胞
程序性细胞死亡
效应器
免疫系统
免疫学
T细胞
细胞凋亡
CD8型
遗传学
生物化学
酶
体外
作者
Desiree Anthony,Daniel M. Andrews,Sally V. Watt,Joseph A. Trapani,Mark J. Smyth
标识
DOI:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00907.x
摘要
Cytotoxic lymphocytes rapidly respond and destroy both malignant cells and cells infected with intracellular pathogens. One mechanism, known as granule exocytosis, employs the secretory granules of these lymphocytes. These include the pore-forming protein perforin (pfp) and a family of serine proteases known as granzymes that cleave and activate effector molecules within the target cell. Over the past two decades, the study of granzymes has largely focused on the ability of these serine proteases to induce cell death. More recently, sophisticated mouse models of disease coupled with gene-targeted mice have allowed investigators to ask why granzyme subfamilies are encoded on different chromosomal loci and what broader role these enzymes might play in inflammation and immune response. Here, we provide a brief overview of the granzyme superfamily, their relationship to pfp, and their reported functions in apoptosis. This overview is followed by a comprehensive analysis of the less characterized and developing field regarding the non-apoptotic functions of granzymes.
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