Two sides of the same coin? Comparing structural priming between production and comprehension in choice data and in reaction times

Although structural priming seems to rely on the same mechanisms in production and comprehension, effects are not always consistent between modalities. Methodological differences often result in different data types, namely choice data in production and reaction time data in comprehension. In a structural priming experiment with English ditransitives, we collected choice data and reaction time data in both modalities. The choice data showed priming of the DO and PO dative. The reaction times revealed priming of the PO dative. In production, PO targets were chosen faster after a PO prime than after a baseline prime. In comprehension, DO targets were read slower after a PO prime than after a baseline prime. This result can be explained from competition between alternatives during structure selection. Priming leads to facilitation of the primed structure or inhibition of the opposite structure depending on the relative frequency of structures, which may differ across modalities.