Reflection seismic imaging of subsurface geological structures in the Bayan Obo mining area, China

A dense 2D seismic reflection survey was conducted at the Bayan Obo REE (rare-earth-elements)-Nb-Fe deposit in China to explore its geological features and mineral endowment. A composite processing workflow was established for prestack depth imaging of this dataset, which involved static correction to compensate for shifts caused by lateral inhomogeneities in near-surface layers and rugged topography. Standard methods were used to attenuate different types of noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the data. A velocity model in the depth domain was obtained from refraction tomography and velocity analysis, and then used in migration. The preliminary interpretation of the final image revealed the mapping of mineralization at its true position in depth, indicating a relatively deep extension (∼1.5 km). The results demonstrate the potential of seismic imaging as a complementary exploration tool to gravity and electromagnetic methods for mineral exploration purposes in the Bayan Obo mining area, providing a high-resolution seismic image and allowing for depth characterization of the mineral deposits. Additionally, the images provide important information for guiding the selection of drilling borehole locations for deep exploration.