Nocardia implantans sp. nov. isolated from a patient with pulmonary infection.

TwoGram-stain-positive and rod-shaped actinomycetes (strains CDC186^T and CDC192) were isolated from sputum samples of a patient in Chongqing, PR China, and were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that CDC186^T and CDC192 represented members of the genus Nocardia, and the sequence similarity with Nocardia beijingensis DSM 44636^T was the highest, at 99.71 and 99.78 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of both CDC186^T and CDC192 was 69.1 %. Genomic diversity analysis revealed that the average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA‒DNA hybridisation values between the two novel strains and closely related species were significantly below the thresholds of 95-96 and 70 %, respectively, but these values between the two novel strains were 99.96 and 99.90 %, respectively. The phylogenetic relationship based on the dapb1 gene and the single-copy core genes further indicated that the two novel strains were clustered in separate branch adjacent to N. beijingensis DSM 44636^T. Growth occurred within the ranges of 20-42 °C, pH 6.0-9.0 and NaCl concentrations of 0.5-4.5 % (w/v). The major fatty acids of CDC186^T and CDC192 were C_{16 : 0} and C_{18 : 0} 10-methyl [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)]. The predominant respiratory menaquinone was MK-9. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified phosphoglycolipid. All the genomes of the studied strains were annotated with virulence factor (VF)-associated genes homologous to those of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the results of susceptibility testing indicated that CDC186^T and CDC192 were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tigecycline. On the basis of chemotaxonomic characteristics and the results of phylogenetic analyses, strains CDC186^T and CDC192 represent a novel species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia implantans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CDC186^T (=GDMCC 4.206^T= JCM 34959^T).