材料科学
阳极
阴极
碳纤维
杂原子
催化作用
纳米技术
空位缺陷
法拉第效率
化学工程
电极
复合材料
结晶学
化学
有机化学
物理化学
复合数
工程类
戒指(化学)
作者
Yuan Li,Qianyu Zhang,Yiran Pu,Xiaoling Qiu,Can Liu,Hao Wu
标识
DOI:10.1002/aenm.202400125
摘要
Abstract Creating defects by heteroatom doping is commonly approved in respect of enhancing fast sodium‐ion storage of carbonaceous anodes ascribing to rich external defects, but the contribution of intrinsic carbon defects (e.g., vacancy) in improving rate‐capability has rarely been investigated. Here, a bio‐derived fibrous hard carbon with high‐reversible intrinsic defects is synthesized via metal‐assisted‐catalytic strategy. It is found that sp 2 ‐hybridized carbon is united through catalytic‐tuning during thermal‐etching process along with the formation of low‐potential planar intrinsic carbon defects (vacancies and non‐hexagonal carbon rings) by sacrificing poor‐reversible carbon edges. Such integrated structures greatly improve the reversibility of defective sites and charge transfer kinetics, thus enhancing the slope sodium‐storage capacity of carbon below 1 V even at high current densities. Thus‐obtained fibrous carbon anodes enable boosted initial coulombic efficiency (≈90%) and ultrahigh‐rate capability in both half‐ (222.2 mAh g −1 at 50 A g −1 ) and full‐cell (200 C, charged/discharged in ≈10 s). Interestingly, compared with meso‐/macroporous structures, such micropore‐dominated carbon fibers are more beneficial for fabricating high‐mass‐loading, crack‐free thick electrodes (>10 mg cm −2 ) with considerable areal‐capacity over 3.0 mAh cm −2 . Paired with high‐loading Na 3 V 2 PO 4 cathode (14.4 mg cm −2 ), full‐cell achieves admirable areal‐capacity over 1.4 mAh cm −2 and peak areal‐energy/power‐density of 3.2/74 mW cm −2 .
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