Pediatric Meningiomas: Current Insights on Pathogenesis and Management

Meningiomas are rare tumors in children, ranging from 0.4 to 4% of intracranial tumors. Differently from their adult counterpart, pediatric meningiomas (PMs) often show peculiar aspects such as the development of tumoral cysts, the involvement of the intraventricular space, and missing attachment to the dura mater. The most important difference with adults is represented by the high incidence of WHO grade II and III variants, which can account for more than 70% of cases. The prognosis of PMs mainly depends on the initial surgical resection because radiotherapy, which is the main treatment option in the case of tumor recurrence or progression, does not seem to increase the relapse free survival and the overall survival, and chemotherapy still misses specific and effective protocols.On these grounds, the need to better understand these tumors, to favor an appropriate multidisciplinary management, is particularly felt. The present review is focused on the advances on the pathogenesis, the molecular aspects, and the managements of PMs, with the goal to improve the knowledge of these challenging neoplasms.