The Dawn of a New Pharmaceutical Epoch: Can AI and Robotics Reshape Drug Formulation?

Abstract Over the last four decades, pharmaceutical companies’ expenditures on research and development have increased 51‐fold. During this same time, clinical success rates for new drugs have remained unchanged at about 10 percent, predominantly due to lack of efficacy and/or safety concerns. This persistent problem underscores the need to innovate across the entire drug development process, particularly in drug formulation, which is often deprioritized and under‐resourced.