High Expression of C1ORF112 Predicts a Poor Outcome: A Potential Target for the Treatment of Low-Grade Gliomas

Background: Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system and is associated with poor overall survival, creating an urgent need to identify survival-associated biomarkers. C1ORF112, an alpha-helical protein, is overexpressed in some cancers; however, its prognostic role has not yet been explored in gliomas. Thus, in this study, we attempted to address this by determining the prognostic value and potential function of C1ORF112 in low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods: The expression of C1ORF112 in normal and tumor tissues was analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), Oncomine, and Rembrandt databases. The genetic changes of C1ORF112 in LGG were analyzed using cBioPortal. Survival analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between C1ORF112 expression and survival in patients with LGG. Correlation between immune infiltration and C1ORF112 expression was determined using Timer software. Additionally, data from three online platforms were integrated to identify the co-expressed genes of C1ORF112. The potential biological functions of C1ORF112 were investigated by enrichment analysis. Results: C1ORF112 mRNA was highly expressed in LGGs (p < 0.01). Area under the ROC curve (AUC) showed that the expression of C1ORF112 in LGG was 0.673 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.618-0.728). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high C1ORF112 expression had lower OS than patients with low C1ORF112 expression (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that high expression of C1ORF112 was an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival in patients from TCGA and CGGA databases. C1ORF112 expression was positively correlated with six immunoinfiltrating cells (all p < 0.001). The enrichment analysis suggested the enrichment of C1ORF112 and co-expressed genes in cell cycle and DNA replication. Conclusion: This study suggested that C1ORF112 may be a prognostic biomarker and a potential immunotherapeutic target for LGG.