The evolution of habit formation effect on sugar consumption of urban residents in China

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explain the rapid growth of urban residents' sugar consumption in China from the perspective of habit formation. Design/methodology/approach Using the provincial panel data of Chinese urban households from 1995 to 2012, this study uses the two-step System Generalized Moment Method (GMM) to test the habit formation effect on residents' sugar expenditure in urban China. We also use system GMM and the recursive estimated method to explore the changes of the habit formation coefficients in different years. Findings We find a significant habit formation effect on overall residents' sugar expenditure and different types of sugary foods expenditure. The habit formation effect on total residents' sugar expenditure and different types of sugary foods is decreasing over the years. The patterns of the changes of the habit formation effect on different types of sugar foods are slightly different. Research limitations/implications Due to data limitations, we are not able to do household-level analysis and to examine the heterogeneity of the habit formation effect. Originality/value This is the first study that examines changes in the habit formation effect on residents' sugar expenditure in urban China. Our findings provide a reasonable explanation for the rapid growth of residents' sugar consumption in urban China. The result helps to formulate targeted policies for future interventions to control the growth of sugar consumption.