Engineering Escherichia coli for a high yield of 1,3-propanediol near the theoretical maximum through chromosomal integration and gene deletion

Glycerol dehydratase (gdrAB-dhaB123) operon from Klebsiella pneumoniae and NADPH-dependent 1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase (yqhD) from Escherichia coli were stably integrated on the chromosomal DNA of E. coli under the control of the native-host ldhA and pflB constitutive promoters, respectively. The developed E. coli NSK015 (∆ldhA::gdrAB-dhaB123 ∆ackA::FRT ∆pflB::yqhD ∆frdABCD::cat-sacB) produced 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) at the level of 36.8 g/L with a yield of 0.99 mol/mol of glycerol consumed when glucose was used as a co-substrate with glycerol. Co-substrate of glycerol and cassava starch was also utilized for 1,3-PDO production with the concentration and yield of 31.9 g/L and 0.84 mol/mol of glycerol respectively. This represents a work for efficient 1,3-PDO production in which the overexpression of heterologous genes on the E. coli host genome devoid of plasmid expression systems. Plasmids, antibiotics, IPTG, and rich nutrients were omitted during 1,3-PDO production. This may allow a further application of E. coli NSK015 for the efficient 1,3-PDO production in an economically industrial scale. KEY POINTS: • gdrAB-dhaB123 and yqhD were overexpressed in E. coli devoid of a plasmid system • E. coli NSK015 produced a high yield of 1,3-PDO at 99% theoretical maximum • Cassava starch was alternatively used as substrate for economical 1,3-PDO production.