A comprehensive overview of modeling approaches and optimal control strategies for cyber-physical resilience in power systems

Cyber–physical systems (CPSs) are confronted with major problems, such as high proportions of renewable energy penetration and frequent extreme events, which severely restrict the stability of power systems. The key to solve these problems is the construction of a resilient power system. This study expounds on the development background and current situation of resilient CPSs from the perspectives of emerging technology and appropriate energy policy. Based on the foregoing, the importance of modeling in resilience research is highlighted, and the selection principles of different modeling methods are discussed. In addition, the optimal control strategies and methods applied to respond to extreme events in a three–stage power system are summarized, highlighting the application of optimal control strategies or emerging technologies for investigating simulations and actual systems. The study also focuses on the current development status of renewable energy and how variable renewable energy can reinforce power system resilience. Finally, in view of the gaps in the current CPS research, the key problems that must be resolved by future CPSs are identified.