Protective effect of propolis on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in males and ovariectomized females but not in intact females

Journal of Food BiochemistryEarly View e14109 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Protective effect of propolis on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in males and ovariectomized females but not in intact females Salih Tunc Kaya, Corresponding Author Salih Tunc Kaya salihtunckaya@duzce.edu.tr kayasalihtunc@gmail.com orcid.org/0000-0002-4133-407X Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Correspondence Salih Tunc Kaya, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey. Email: salihtunckaya@duzce.edu.tr, kayasalihtunc@gmail.com Contribution: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, ​Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorKagan Agan, Kagan Agan orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-570X Coordination Unit of Healthy and Environmental, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Contribution: ​Investigation, Methodology, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorAydan Fulden-Agan, Aydan Fulden-Agan orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-6264 Beekeeping Research, Development and Application Centre, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Contribution: ​Investigation, Methodology, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorPınar Agyar-Yoldas, Pınar Agyar-Yoldas orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-0648 Coordination Unit of Healthy and Environmental, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Contribution: ​Investigation, Methodology, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorTalat Ogulcan Ozarslan, Talat Ogulcan Ozarslan orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-7011 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey Contribution: ​Investigation, Methodology, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorMeral Kekecoglu, Meral Kekecoglu orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-8343 Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Beekeeping Research, Development and Application Centre, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Contribution: Funding acquisition, ​Investigation, Methodology, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorAdnan Kaya, Adnan Kaya orcid.org/0000-0002-9225-8353 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Section, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Contribution: ​Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this author Salih Tunc Kaya, Corresponding Author Salih Tunc Kaya salihtunckaya@duzce.edu.tr kayasalihtunc@gmail.com orcid.org/0000-0002-4133-407X Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Correspondence Salih Tunc Kaya, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey. Email: salihtunckaya@duzce.edu.tr, kayasalihtunc@gmail.com Contribution: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, ​Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorKagan Agan, Kagan Agan orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-570X Coordination Unit of Healthy and Environmental, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Contribution: ​Investigation, Methodology, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorAydan Fulden-Agan, Aydan Fulden-Agan orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-6264 Beekeeping Research, Development and Application Centre, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Contribution: ​Investigation, Methodology, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorPınar Agyar-Yoldas, Pınar Agyar-Yoldas orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-0648 Coordination Unit of Healthy and Environmental, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Contribution: ​Investigation, Methodology, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorTalat Ogulcan Ozarslan, Talat Ogulcan Ozarslan orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-7011 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey Contribution: ​Investigation, Methodology, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorMeral Kekecoglu, Meral Kekecoglu orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-8343 Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Beekeeping Research, Development and Application Centre, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Contribution: Funding acquisition, ​Investigation, Methodology, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorAdnan Kaya, Adnan Kaya orcid.org/0000-0002-9225-8353 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Section, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Contribution: ​Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 February 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.14109 Funding information: This study was supported by Duzce University, Scientific Research Projects Fund (DUBAP—Project No: 2018.05.01.887). Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of propolis, which may have estrogenic effects, on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (mI/R) injury not only in male rats but also in intact and ovariectomized (ovx) female rats. Six groups were formed: untreated males (n = 8), treated males (n = 9), untreated intact females (n = 9), treated intact females (n = 10), untreated ovx females (n = 10), and treated ovx females (n = 8). An alcoholic extract of a single dose of propolis (200 mg/kg) was administered orally daily for 14 days. Thirty minutes of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion were performed. Blood pressure, heart rate, arrhythmias (ventricular premature contraction [VPC], ventricular tachycardia [VT], ventricular fibrillation [VF]), and myocardial infarct size were evaluated. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were measured. The untreated females showed more resistance to mI/R injury than the untreated males, as evidenced by lower duration, incidence, and score of arrhythmias, and smaller infarct size (p < .05). After ovx, this resistance disappeared. Propolis improved these values in treated males and treated ovx females (p < .05). Propolis increased TAS in treated males and decreased TOS in treated ovx females as well as elevated SOD in all treated groups (p < .05). Propolis decreased E2 level in treated intact females; however, it increased E2 level in treated ovx females (p < .05). The results revealed that propolis could protect the heart against mI/R injury in males and ovx females. Practical applications It is known that the female heart has an increased sensitivity to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (mI/R) injury due to estrogen deficiency and/or estrogen deprivation following menopause or surgical removal of the ovaries. Propolis has the potential to mimic estrogen under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, as well as its antioxidant property. The results indicated that propolis decreased myocardial infarct size, arrhythmia score, arrhythmia duration, and incidence in ovariectomized female rats and male rats. In addition, the present results demonstrated that an alcoholic extract of propolis as a natural product can effectively maintain the resistance of female heart to mI/R injury after estrogen deficiency. Open Research DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supporting Information Filename Description jfbc14109-sup-0001-supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 1.8 MB Supporting Information. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issuee14109 RelatedInformation