Bioplastics and Petroleum-based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses

生物塑料 生命周期评估 废物管理 制浆造纸工业 环境科学 环境影响评价 生化工程 生产(经济) 工程类 生态学 生物 宏观经济学 经济
作者
Fausto Gironi,Vincenzo Piemonte
出处
期刊:Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, And Environmental Effects [Taylor & Francis]
卷期号:33 (21): 1949-1959 被引量:269
标识
DOI:10.1080/15567030903436830
摘要

Abstract The application of biomass, such as starch, cellulose, wood, and sugar, used to substitute fossil resources for the production of plastics, is a widely accepted strategy towards sustainable development. In fact, this way a significant reduction of non renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission is accomplished. In recent years, several typologies of bioplastics were introduced and the most important are those based on cellulosic esters, starch derivatives, polyhydroxybutyrate, polylactic acid, and polycaprolactone. Nowadays, the most important tool to evaluate the environmental impact of a (bio)plastic is the life cycle assessment that determines the overall impact of a plastic on the environment by defining and analyzing several impact categories index like the global warming; the human toxicity; the abiotic depletion; the eutrophication; the acidification; and many others directly related to the production, utilization, and disposal of the considered plastics. The aim of this work is to present a comparison between bioplastics and conventional plastics through the use of the “Life Cycle Assessment” methodology. In particular, the life cycle assessment's Cradle to Grave of shoppers made from Mater-Bi (starch-based plastic) an polyethylene were reported and compared as a case study in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the bioplastics and the conventional plastics.
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